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8. Social problems

The environment

- air, water, land around us

- we are destroying the enviroment

o cars and factorie pollute the air

o cutting down the rainforests ® increase the dangers of global warming = an increase in temperature because of increased carbon doioxide around the earth

Houw can the planet survive?

- save natural resources (water, oil, gas)

- protect animals

- mustn´t throw away bottles and cans ® recycle them

Disasters, tragedies

Diaster = somenthing terrible happens and people often die

a)  caused by nature:

- famine ® not enough food

- drought ® no rain for a long period

- floods ® to much rain

- earthquakes ® violent movement of the earth, it trembles

huricans

tornadoes

A tornado swept through the islands.

typhoons

- volcanoes = hot rock and gases pour from a mountain

b) caused by people

epidemics = diseases affecting large numbers of people ® flue (bird flue), malaria, yellow fever (dkin goes yellow), rabies (caused by bit of a dog, a fox), typhoid, leprosy, cholera

 The flue epidemics spread rapidly.

war and peace

- war = a long period of fighting

- civil wars = between people (groups in ONE COUNTRY)

Civil war has broken out in the north of country.

- soldiers = people in army

- civilians = people not in army

- casualities = dead or wounded people

- victims = people affected by the war

- survivals = people who are alive

Wars often end with a peace settlement = both sides agree to stop fighting

Refugees are people wo leave their country because of war, famine and other prolbems.

Terrorism ® terrorists

= violent action for political reasones

· common terrorists crime is planting a bomb = putting a bomb in public places to kill or assassinate people

· hijack planes and busses ® take control by force

 prisoners = hostages ® to release hostages

Terrorists often have some demands or they blackmail somebody.

Crime

From crime to punishment

to be tried = to have a case judged in court

forge = padělat ® forgery = padělání

arson = založit požár ® arsonist = žhář

economical crimes ® tunneling = tunelování

Rasism

® different nation, religion, sex, age

® to disadvantage or attack people because for different reasones

Skinheads attack people of different colour of aother nationality.

Nationalists ® accuse people of another nationalities that the Czechs haven´t got jobs.

In CR: gepsies

- they didn´t use to living on one place

- we made them to stay on one place, to children attend schools

- they get money from government ® social benefits

- they don´t have a job, they don´t have education

- they aren´t used to attending school regulary

Women

® sexual harresment = man abuses his position and makes jokes and touches a woman

Man doesn´t share the household, although she has also job.

Maternity leave for men ® they´d feel useless.

® The men´s position is changing.

Prostitution

Women do it, because they don´t have money ® connected with drugs and illegal immigration. Women have small children and they abandone them.

® connected with crime

Unemployment

When somebody is made redundant or lose his job because of another reason, he becomes unemployed. Unemployment is a great problem for our society. Unemployment increases and goverment doesn´t have enough money for social benefits. Benefits are often very low, unemployed people lose their belongings (majetek) and sometimes their home. It leads to being homless  Someone who was released from prison usually can´t finde a job and becomes a homeless too. These people without home usually become baggers or pick-pockets.

- charity organisations – they run ahelters for the homeless

o Red cross

o Salvation Army = Armáda spásy

Drugs

legal ® tobaco, alcohol

illegal

a) deppresants ® alcohol, inhalants, opiates such as heroin, morphine

 - it causes desorientation, removes social inhebitious (zábrany)

 - after using some of deppresants, our mood fall down

b) stimulants ® coffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, ectasy, cocaine

- they support wakefulness, produce feelings like elation (euforie) and some of them cause dehydratation

- it supports our mood, our feelings get better

c) hallucinogens ® LSD, cannibis (konopí, hašiš)

 - it makes our mood better